KONSELING UNTUK PENDERITA OBSESI DAN KUMPULSI

Jurnal : Konseling Traumatik

Erfort, T. 2004. Professional School Counseling : a Handbook of Theories, Program & Pracices. Texas : CAPS Press. (Halaman 562-568)

Clinical presentation

According to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) in order for a person (child, adolescent or adult) to meet the criteria for PTSD, symptoms must follow exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor. the person must have experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others. The person’s response must have involved fear, helplessness or horror and this may have been expressed by disorganized or agitated behavior. Table 1 includes diagnostic criteria for PTSD from the DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000). The way that a student re-experiences the trauma and manifest distress is likely to change with age and matury, becoming more adult like and closer to the DSM-IV-TR description of the disorder.

Students will often exhibit irritability, anger, and aggression, or may be quite verbal about the trauma and their ensuing feelings, while others do not wish to discuss the incident or how they are feeling. Very young children who have experienced trauma may present with few symptoms listed in the DSM-IV-TR. This may be in part because they do not have the necessary verbal or cognitive skills to communicate their symptoms. Therefore, infants, toddlers, and preschoolers may present with anxiety symptoms such as fears of monsters, animals, separation anxiety, and fear of strangers. These children may avoid situations or circumstances that may or may not have a link with the trauma, have sleep disturbances, and have preoccupations with symbols or words that may or may not have a certain link with the traumatic event (Drell, Siegel & Geansbauer, 1993 : Scheeringa, Zeanah, Drell & Larriey, 1995). The student (like an adult) must express his/her symptoms for longer that one month to meet the criteria for PTSD. The disturbance must also cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social or academic functioning.

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